{"id":94,"date":"2006-06-20T18:16:40","date_gmt":"2006-06-20T16:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/petitesbullesdailleurs\/?p=94"},"modified":"2020-10-05T16:10:32","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T14:10:32","slug":"malay-or-malaysian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/malais-ou-malaisien-20060620\/","title":{"rendered":"Malay or Malaysian?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Should we say Malaysian or Malayan? Both! In fact, it all depends on the context, because the two terms do not have exactly the same meaning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malaysian Malay, Chinese, Indian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One can be Malaysian, that is to say of Malaysian nationality, without being Malaysian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Malaysians <\/strong>are the nationals of Malaysia. When we talk about something related to the country, we use the adjective <em>Malaysian \/ Malaysian<\/em>. For example: the Malaysian Prime Minister, a Malaysian company. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> The Malaysians<\/strong> are the country's majority ethno-linguistic and historical community. Chinese and Indian communities are also important in Malaysia, and there are also indigenous communities in Borneo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d8146904.42542738!2d103.84438813317061!3d4.5240711864183805!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x3034d3975f6730af%3A0x745969328211cd8!2sMalaisie!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1598801642298!5m2!1sfr!2sfr\" width=\"770\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Being Malaysian therefore refers to \"ethnic\" belonging. This is not insignificant, because Malaysia distinguishes between its citizens according to their origins, according to quite precise criteria. This discrimination is written in the Constitution and is recorded in the civil status. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution defines Malay as :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 - a person who practices the religion of Islam, who speaks Malay, who conforms to Malay customs<br>AND<br>2 - who has origins within the Federation of Malaya or Singapore prior to Independence on August 31, 1957, or who is the child of at least one parent born within the population then belonging to the Federation of Malaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/Constitutional_definition_of_Malay.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/Constitutional_definition_of_Malay.png\" alt=\"Definition of Malay (Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution). Source: Wikimedia.\" class=\"wp-image-6667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/Constitutional_definition_of_Malay.png 500w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/Constitutional_definition_of_Malay-400x300.png 400w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/Constitutional_definition_of_Malay-293x220.png 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Definition of Malay (Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution). Source: Wikimedia.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words: the Malaysians of Malaysia are Malaysians, but not all Malaysians are Malaysians? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ethnic and religious discrimination<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Origin and religion are culturally intertwined in Malaysia. But the institutionalized ethnic and religious discrimination has consequences on the daily life of its 31.5 million inhabitants. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Malaysian snorkeler (whom I had met in Indonesia) had explained to me that, as he was not a Malaysian, but a Chinese Malaysian, he did not have the same rights as the Malays in certain fields such as education, housing, access to property, to credit, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mynotice wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">Update.<\/span> <\/strong>This article originally published in 2006 is still very much consulted, years later, as soon as Malaysia comes back in the news... So I have edited it and added recent links below, for those who want to know more about this thorny subject. <br><br>I refer you in particular to this article in <em>Slate<\/em>A new book, published at the beginning of 2020, which takes stock of these institutionalized inequalities dating back to British colonization in Malaysia: <br><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/185897\/asie-malaisie-division-societe-ethnies-constitution-discriminations-raciales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2192 In Malaysia, the Constitution institutionalizes racial discrimination<\/a><br><\/strong><br>See also the enlightening maps and infographics, published in 2016 in this article from<em>Asyalist<\/em>&nbsp;: <br><a href=\"https:\/\/asialyst.com\/fr\/2016\/08\/05\/malaisie-equilibre-precaire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u2192 Malaysia: precarious balance<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>This complex situation is at the origin of this hesitation of language that we have to use the terms \"Malay\" or \"Malaysian\". We can certainly say both, but it does not mean quite the same thing... <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-770x513.jpg\" alt=\"The Malaysian flag. (Photo: Pxhere \/ CC0)\" class=\"wp-image-26291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-390x260.jpg 390w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-780x520.jpg 780w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-385x257.jpg 385w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-1155x770.jpg 1155w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-293x195.jpg 293w, https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><figcaption>The Malaysian flag. (Photo: Pxhere \/ CC0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Should we say Malay or Malaysian? Both ! In fact, everything depends on the context, because the two terms do not have exactly the same meaning.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tpgb_global_settings":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,52],"tags":[25,29,294],"class_list":["post-94","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-entre-deux-voyages","category-voyage-thailande-malaisie-2006","tag-ici","tag-langue","tag-malaisie"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere.jpg?wsr","tpgb_featured_images":{"full":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere.jpg?wsr",1350,900,false],"tp-image-grid":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-700x700.jpg?wsr",700,700,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-250x250.jpg?wsr",250,250,true],"medium":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-390x260.jpg?wsr",390,260,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-770x513.jpg?wsr",770,513,true],"large":["https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/06\/malaysia-flag-pxhere-780x520.jpg?wsr",780,520,true],"default":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/wp-content\/plugins\/the-plus-addons-for-block-editor\/assets\/images\/tpgb-placeholder.jpg"},"tpgb_post_meta_info":{"get_date":"20 June 2006","get_modified_date":"5 October 2020","category_list":{"category":[{"term_id":8,"name":"Entre deux voyages","slug":"entre-deux-voyages","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":8,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Eh oui ! On peut aussi s'\u00e9vader de chez soi, avant et apr\u00e8s un voyage...","parent":0,"count":83,"filter":"raw","term_order":"1"},{"term_id":52,"name":"Malaisie : p\u00e9ninsule et Born\u00e9o - juillet 2006","slug":"voyage-thailande-malaisie-2006","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":52,"taxonomy":"category","description":"Voyage d'un mois en Malaisie. P\u00e9ninsule : Kuala Lumpur + \u00eeles Perhentian + Tioman. Born\u00e9o : Sandakan + Mabul + Sipadan. Juillet 2006.","parent":0,"count":31,"filter":"raw","term_order":"45"}],"post_tag":[{"term_id":25,"name":"Ici","slug":"ici","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":25,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":72,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0"},{"term_id":29,"name":"Langue","slug":"langue","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":29,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":6,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0"},{"term_id":294,"name":"Malaisie","slug":"malaisie","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":31,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":56,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0"}]},"author_name":"Corinne Bourbeillon","author_url":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/author\/cbourbeillon\/","author_email":"corinne.pbda@gmail.com","author_website":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/corinne-bourbeillon\/","author_description":"Journaliste, plongeuse et\u00a0photographe sous-marine, Corinne adore faire des bulles avec les\u00a0poissons\u00a0! La beaut\u00e9 du monde et\u00a0de\u00a0l'oc\u00e9an lui ont inspir\u00e9 ce blog. \r\n\r\n<a href=\"\/corinne-bourbeillon\/\" rel=\"author\">En savoir plus<\/a>","author_facebook":"","author_twitter":"","author_instagram":"","author_role":["administrator"],"author_firstname":"Corinne","author_lastname":"Bourbeillon","user_login":"cbourbeillon","author_avatar":"<img bv-data-src="https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7542464a0f3c6a1baf2af7786ad5764b10f9d60908fb1278a969310cf533aedd?s=200&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=g"  alt='' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" bv-data-srcset="https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7542464a0f3c6a1baf2af7786ad5764b10f9d60908fb1278a969310cf533aedd?s=400&#038;d=identicon&#038;r=g 2x"  class="avatar avatar-200 photo bv-tag-attr-replace bv-lazyload-tag-img"   height='200' width='200' loading='lazy' decoding='async'\/>","author_avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7542464a0f3c6a1baf2af7786ad5764b10f9d60908fb1278a969310cf533aedd?s=96&d=identicon&r=g","comment_count":8,"post_likes":0,"post_views":0},"tpgb_post_category":{"category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/entre-deux-voyages\/\" alt=\"Entre deux voyages\"  class=\"category-entre-deux-voyages\">Entre deux voyages<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/voyage-thailande-malaisie-2006\/\" alt=\"Malaisie : p\u00e9ninsule et Born\u00e9o - juillet 2006\"  class=\"category-voyage-thailande-malaisie-2006\">Malaisie : p\u00e9ninsule et Born\u00e9o - juillet 2006<\/a> ","post_tag":"<a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/ici\/\" alt=\"Ici\"  class=\"post_tag-ici\">Ici<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/langue\/\" alt=\"Langue\"  class=\"post_tag-langue\">Langue<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/malaisie\/\" alt=\"Malaisie\"  class=\"post_tag-malaisie\">Malaisie<\/a> "},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petitesbullesdailleurs.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<!-- This website is optimized by Airlift. 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